Analysis and modeling of the impacts of the development of intermittent renewable energies on the French electricity system: Study of the potential of electricity storage and the complementarity with heat
This PhD thesis investigates how the development of intermittent renewable energy sources impacts the French electricity system, with a focus on storage and heat network complementarity.
@phdthesis{clerjon_phd_2021,author={Clerjon, Arthur},title={Analysis and modeling of the impacts of the development of intermittent renewable energies on the French electricity system: Study of the potential of electricity storage and the complementarity with heat},school={Université Grenoble Alpes},year={2021},address={France},url={https://theses.hal.science/tel-03230033},note={PhD Thesis},}
Peer-reviewed Articles
2025
How much district heating in a future sector-coupled energy system? A comprehensive methodology for mapping and clustering the infrastructure costs on an entire territory
L.M. Hofmann, A. Clerjon, F. Perdu, R. Bavière, and 1 more author
In the energy transition context, district heating have great potential for generating low-carbon and cost-effective heat...
@article{hofmann_district_heating_2025,author={Hofmann, L.M. and Clerjon, A. and Perdu, F. and Bavière, R. and Azaïs, P.},title={How much district heating in a future sector-coupled energy system? A comprehensive methodology for mapping and clustering the infrastructure costs on an entire territory},journal={Energy},volume={330},pages={136436},year={2025},issn={0360-5442},doi={10.1016/j.energy.2025.136436},url={https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054422502078X},keywords={District heating, District heating network, Clustering, Investment cost assessment, Geospatial data analysis, Heat-and-electricity coupling, Energy system modelling},note={Peer-reviewed},}
2022
Matching intermittent electricity supply and demand with electricity storage - An optimization based on a time scale analysis
The rising share of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) in the electricity generation mix leads to new challenges for the whole energy system. It especially raises technological issues to handle variability and to match electricity load with supply at all times. This study introduces a new methodology to quantify the relevance of different electricity storage technologies, based on a time scale analysis. It additionally provides an understanding of how electricity storages work in combination to handle variable load and intermittent generation. First, we set up a simple model of variable production, fluctuating over a single time-scale. This analysis provides figures of merit for electricity storage and curtailment. Second, we simulate the collaboration and competition behavior of various storages with a dual time-scale signal. Then, results are compared with the optimization of an energy system with real variable electricity supply and consumption time-series. We eventually highlight the trade-off mechanisms between the storage efficiency and its investment cost.
@article{clerjon_matching_2022,author={Clerjon, Arthur and Perdu, Fabien},title={Matching intermittent electricity supply and demand with electricity storage - An optimization based on a time scale analysis},journal={Energy},volume={241},pages={122799},year={2022},doi={10.1016/j.energy.2021.122799},url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122799},keywords={Energy storage, Flexibility, Optimization},note={Peer-reviewed},}
2019
Matching intermittency and electricity storage characteristics through time scale analysis: an energy return on investment comparison
A high penetration of variable renewable energy sources in an electricity generation mix leads to strong constraints on the whole system to ensure a continuous balance between electricity production and consumption. We have developed a new numerical methodology to quantify the relevance of several electricity storage devices that would provide the required flexibility. First of all, through a signal analysis (wavelet decomposition) of photovoltaic power (PV), wind power and load time series, we study and characterize the intermittency at different time scales. Then, each storage technology is evaluated for each time scale from an energy return on investment (EROI) standpoint. They are also compared with the possibility of curtailing excess electricity instead of storing it. The relevance of a given technology especially depends on its efficiency and embodied energy. For instance, we show that batteries are not appropriate for long term storage because of their high embodied energy. However, they are a good choice for short term applications with high cycle requirements because of their efficiency. We characterize the relevance of storage devices, their sensitivity to the production mix and to technological characteristics. We point out that satisfying the energy demand of exceptional events only with storage devices requires an over-sizing of the whole system. It underlines the complementarity of energy storage with dispatchable electricity sources. We eventually show that seasonal electricity storage is particularly difficult to ensure with a good energy return on investment.
@article{clerjon_eroi_2019,author={Clerjon, Arthur and Perdu, Fabien},title={Matching intermittency and electricity storage characteristics through time scale analysis: an energy return on investment comparison},journal={Energy Environ. Sci.},volume={12},number={2},pages={693--705},year={2019},doi={10.1039/C8EE01940A},url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01940A},note={Peer-reviewed},}
Under Review
2025
Impact of Decarbonized Heating Sector at Local Scale on the National Power Grid
Anne-Geneviève Lemelle, Arthur Clerjon, Fabien Perdu, and Philippe Azaïs
@unpublished{lemelle_decarbonized_heating_2025,author={Lemelle, Anne-Geneviève and Clerjon, Arthur and Perdu, Fabien and Azaïs, Philippe},title={Impact of Decarbonized Heating Sector at Local Scale on the National Power Grid},year={2025},note={Under review},url={https://ssrn.com/abstract=5260828},doi={10.2139/ssrn.5260828},}
2024
The Importance of Heat Demand Disaggregation in a Heat-and-Electricity Energy Model
Lukas Max Hofmann, Arthur Clerjon, Fabien Perdu, Roland Bavière, and 1 more author
@unpublished{hofmann_heat_disaggregation_2024,author={Hofmann, Lukas Max and Clerjon, Arthur and Perdu, Fabien and Bavière, Roland and Azaïs, Philippe},title={The Importance of Heat Demand Disaggregation in a Heat-and-Electricity Energy Model},journal={SSRN Scholarly Paper},publisher={Social Science Research Network},year={2024},month=dec,url={https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5064439},doi={10.2139/ssrn.5064439},note={Under review},}
Conference Proceedings
2025
Optimal deployment of wind and solar electricity considering regional climates and demand patterns to minimize dispatchable supply
Justine Duval, Arthur Clerjon, Pimprenelle Parmentier, and Fabien Perdu
In ECOS2025 - 38th international conference on efficiency, cost, optimization, simulation and environmental impact of energy systems, Jun 2025
@inproceedings{duval:cea-05141769,title={{Optimal deployment of wind and solar electricity considering regional climates and demand patterns to minimize dispatchable supply}},author={Duval, Justine and Clerjon, Arthur and Parmentier, Pimprenelle and Perdu, Fabien},url={https://cea.hal.science/cea-05141769},booktitle={{ECOS2025 - 38th international conference on efficiency, cost, optimization, simulation and environmental impact of energy systems}},address={Paris, France},year={2025},month=jun,keywords={{\'e}nergie renouvelable ; Productible ; Consommation {\'e}lectrique},hal_id={cea-05141769},hal_version={v1},}
2022
Impact of a possible large scale development of SMRs on natural uranium consumption and deployment of nuclear power worldwide
Arthur Clerjon, Anne Baschwitz, Sophie Gabriel, and Gilles Mathonniere
@inproceedings{clerjon_smrs_2022,author={Clerjon, Arthur and Baschwitz, Anne and Gabriel, Sophie and Mathonniere, Gilles},title={Impact of a possible large scale development of SMRs on natural uranium consumption and deployment of nuclear power worldwide},booktitle={GLOBAL Conference},address={Reims, France},year={2022},month=jul,url={https://hal.science/hal-03988111},note={Conference proceedings},}
2020
Matching intermittent electricity supply and load with energy storage - An optimization based on a time scale analysis
@inproceedings{clerjon_ecos_2020,author={Clerjon, Arthur and Perdu, Fabien},title={Matching intermittent electricity supply and load with energy storage - An optimization based on a time scale analysis},booktitle={ECOS Conference},year={2020},note={Conference proceedings},}
Presentations
2020
Variable energy time-series analysis: Quantifying intermittency for different time scales – Day, week, season
@misc{clerjon_openmod_2020,author={Clerjon, Arthur},title={Variable energy time-series analysis: Quantifying intermittency for different time scales – Day, week, season},howpublished={Open Energy Modelling Workshop},month=jan,year={2020},url={https://next.rl-institut.de/s/9agHYX6aAgYGkL3#pdfviewer},note={Presentation},}
2019
Matching Intermittent Electricity Supply and Load With Energy Storage: An optimization based on a time scale analysis
@misc{clerjon_ses_2019,author={Clerjon, Arthur},title={Matching Intermittent Electricity Supply and Load With Energy Storage: An optimization based on a time scale analysis},howpublished={Smart Energy Systems Conference, Aalborg},month=sep,year={2019},url={https://smartenergysystems.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2-3_ArthurClerjonSESAAU2019.pdf},note={Presentation},}
